[Viva] Fwd: AIDS 2022: California man appears to be cured of HIV after stem cell transplant, Tuesday 2 August 2022

Margarite Sanchez margaritesanchez at gmail.com
Tue Aug 2 15:35:43 PDT 2022 

Highlights from the IAC Montreal

---------- Forwarded message ---------
From: aidsmap bulletins <bulletins at bulletins.aidsmap.com>
Date: Tue, Aug 2, 2022 at 7:43 AM
Subject: AIDS 2022: California man appears to be cured of HIV after stem
cell transplant, Tuesday 2 August 2022
To: <margaritesanchez at gmail.com>


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2 August 2022   |   News from AIDS 2022

Contents

   - California man appears to be cured of HIV after stem cell transplant
   <#m_4316449705535789923_section-1?utm_source=conference+news-english&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-08-02>
   - Adolescents and women who experience violence are more likely to get
   HIV and less likely to control it
   <#m_4316449705535789923_section-2?utm_source=conference+news-english&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-08-02>
   - Oral six-month treatment for MDR-TB is safe and effective in people
   with HIV
   <#m_4316449705535789923_section-3?utm_source=conference+news-english&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-08-02>
   - Exploring social determinants of health for young people
   <#m_4316449705535789923_section-4?utm_source=conference+news-english&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-08-02>
   - Smart new single-cell assay shines a light on the HIV reservoir
   <#m_4316449705535789923_section-5?utm_source=conference+news-english&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-08-02>
   - Video: Antibiotics to prevent STIs
   <#m_4316449705535789923_section-6?utm_source=conference+news-english&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-08-02>
   - Scientific analysis from Clinical Care Options
   <#m_4316449705535789923_section-7?utm_source=conference+news-english&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-08-02>


California man appears to be cured of HIV after stem cell transplant
[image: Dr Jana Dickter at AIDS 2022. Photo©Steve Forrest/Workers’
Photos/IAS]
Dr Jana Dickter at AIDS 2022. Photo©Steve Forrest/Workers’ Photos/IAS

A man in southern California, dubbed the 'City of Hope patient', appears to
be the latest person cured of HIV after receiving a stem cell transplant
from a donor with a rare mutation, bringing the total to five,
<https://www.aidsmap.com/news/aug-2022/california-man-appears-be-another-hiv-cure-after-stem-cell-transplant?utm_source=conference+news-english&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-08-02>
according to a presentation at the 24th International AIDS Conference (AIDS
2022)
<https://www.aidsmap.com/conferences/aids-2022?utm_source=conference+news-english&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-08-02>in
Montreal, Canada, and virtually this week.

The City of Hope patient is a 66-year-old White man who was diagnosed with
HIV in 1988. He started antiretroviral therapy when it became available in
the mid-1990s. In 2018, he was diagnosed with acute myelogenous leukaemia.

In early 2019, at age 63, he received a stem cell transplant from an
unrelated donor with a double CCR5-delta-32 mutation, which deletes the
receptors most strains of HIV use to enter cells. Before the procedure, he
underwent reduced-intensity conditioning chemotherapy designed for older
and less fit patients.

He continued HIV treatment for two years after the transplant. At that
point, with a stable undetectable viral load, he and his doctors decided to
try a carefully monitored treatment interruption.

More than three years after the transplant – and over 17 months after
stopping antiretrovirals – the man remains free of HIV and his leukaemia
also remains in remission.

He is older than the other people previously cured after such a procedure,
has been living with HIV longer and received a less harsh conditioning
regimen prior to the transplant. This suggests that this approach may be
possible for a wider subset of HIV-positive people with advanced cancer,
but it is far from feasible for the vast majority of people living with HIV.

   - *Read this news story in full on aidsmap.com*
   <https://www.aidsmap.com/news/aug-2022/california-man-appears-be-another-hiv-cure-after-stem-cell-transplant?utm_source=conference+news-english&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-08-02>
   - *Watch a video of Dr Jana Dickter talking about the ‘City of Hope
   patient’ at AIDS 2022 on YouTube*
   <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0DtIW9DYyU&utm_source=conference+news-english&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-08-02>
   - *View the abstract on the conference website*
   <https://programme.aids2022.org/Abstract/Abstract/?abstractid=12508&utm_source=conference+news-english&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-08-02>
   - *Visit our conference news pages for all our AIDS 2022 coverage*
   <https://www.aidsmap.com/conferences/aids-2022?utm_source=conference+news-english&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-08-02>
   - *Visit the official conference website*
   <https://aids2022.org/?utm_source=conference+news-english&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-08-02>


Adolescents and women who experience violence are more likely to get HIV
and less likely to control it
[image: Professor Lucie Cluver at AIDS 2022.]
Professor Lucie Cluver at AIDS 2022.

A history of intimate partner violence and/or sexual abuse was associated
with lower adherence to HIV treatment among adolescents living with HIV.
Women who had recently experienced intimate partner violence were over
three times more likely to acquire HIV, according to two African studies
<https://www.aidsmap.com/news/aug-2022/adolescents-and-women-who-experience-violence-more-likely-get-hiv-and-less-likely?utm_source=conference+news-english&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-08-02>
.

Professor Lucie Cluver presented findings from a longitudinal study working
with 1046 adolescents (aged 10-19) living with HIV in South Africa,
interviewing them three times between 2014 and 2018.

Thirty-seven per cent of participants reported a history of intimate
partner violence or sexual abuse. About half of participants (51%) reported
consistent adherence to HIV treatment. After controlling for other factors,
intimate partner violence was associated with lower adherence, as was
sexual abuse.

A second study found that adolescent girls and women who had recently
experienced intimate partner violence were over three times more likely to
acquire HIV and less likely to have an undetectable viral load if living
with HIV.

Researchers pooled results from nationally representative cross-sectional
surveys that included information on physical or sexual violence from 2000
to 2020. Fifty surveys from 30 countries were included. Around half the
surveys were from east Africa.

The researchers pooled 273,000 survey responses from women aged 15 to 65
who had ever been married or partnered. Thirty-two per cent of respondents
reported a history of physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence, and
22% reported experiencing violence in the previous year.

After adjusting for other factors, respondents who experienced intimate
partner violence in the previous year were 3.22 times more likely to
acquire HIV. They were also 2.75 times more likely to have a recent HIV
infection.

Women living with HIV who experienced violence in the previous year were 9%
less likely to have an undetectable viral load.

Taken together, the studies underscore the urgent and unmet need for
effective violence prevention and post-violence services to be implemented
at scale.

   - *Read this news story in full on aidsmap.com*
   <https://www.aidsmap.com/news/aug-2022/adolescents-and-women-who-experience-violence-more-likely-get-hiv-and-less-likely?utm_source=conference+news-english&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-08-02>
   - *Watch a video of Professor Lucie Cluver talking about violence and
   HIV at AIDS 2022 on YouTube*
   <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MDUHtspFgs4&utm_source=conference+news-english&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-08-02>


Oral six-month treatment for MDR-TB is safe and effective in people with HIV
[image: Dr Louisa Dunn, a sub-investigator on the TB PRACTECAL clinical
trial consults with a patient in South Africa. Photo by MSF.]
Dr Louisa Dunn, a sub-investigator on the TB PRACTECAL clinical trial
consults with a patient in South Africa. Photo by MSF.

An all-oral treatment regimen for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)
recently recommended by the World Health Organization is effective and safe
in people living with HIV, the conference heard
<https://www.aidsmap.com/news/aug-2022/oral-six-month-treatment-mdr-tb-safe-and-effective-people-hiv?utm_source=conference+news-english&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-08-02>
.

Over the past decade there have been intensive efforts to identify
treatments for MDR-TB that avoid injectable drugs, reduce the length of
treatment and minimise exposure to toxic drugs.

The TB PRACTECAL study was a large, randomised comparison of three 6-month
all-oral regimens for MDR-TB, with a control group receiving the standard
of care at the time, consisting of a 9- to 24-month course of oral and
injectable treatments. The trial was carried out in Belarus, Uzbekistan and
South Africa.

Participants received bedaquiline, pretomanid and linezolid (BPaL). One
group received BPaL, while other groups received BPaL plus either
clofazimine or moxifloxacin.

At IAS 2021
<https://www.aidsmap.com/news/jul-2021/shorter-less-toxic-treatment-highly-drug-resistant-tb-cures-nine-out-ten?utm_source=conference+news-english&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-08-02>,
the ZeNIX trial reported that the BPaL regimen was highly effective in
curing MDR-TB. Primary results from TB PRACTECAL have already shown that
BPaL plus moxifloxacin had the best outcomes. In May, the World Health
Organization issued guidance
<https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-UCN-TB-2022-2?utm_source=conference+news-english&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-08-02>
recommending the use of BPaL plus moxifloxacin as the preferred treatment
for MDR-TB.

The new analysis focused on treatment outcomes for the 153 study
participants who were living with HIV, mostly in South Africa. People with
HIV were evenly distributed between study arms, around 40% were female and
the median CD4 count was around 300.

The lowest rate of unfavourable outcomes was in the BPaL plus moxifloxacin
group, where 28% had an unfavourable outcome (defined as death, treatment
failure, recurrence of MDR-TB or loss to follow-up) compared to 40% in the
standard-of-care group.

Recent advances have made it possible to treat TB in as little as one month
and most forms of drug-resistant TB in four or six months. However,
activists at the conference say that all-oral treatment remains out of
reach for many people in the worst-affected countries.

Treatment Action Group, Partners in Health and Médecins sans Frontières
launched the 1 / 4 / 6 x 24 campaign
<https://www.treatmentactiongroup.org/statement/1-4-6-x-24-campaign-launched-to-rally-energy-political-will-funding-needed-to-fight-tuberculosis/?utm_source=conference+news-english&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-08-02>
at AIDS 2022 to galvanise public health programmes into investing in
sufficient “staff, stuff, space, systems, and support” to make new shorter
regimens for TB treatment available to all by 2024.

   - *Read this news story in full on aidsmap.com*
   <https://www.aidsmap.com/news/aug-2022/oral-six-month-treatment-mdr-tb-safe-and-effective-people-hiv?utm_source=conference+news-english&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-08-02>

   - *View the abstract on the conference website*
   <https://programme.aids2022.org/Abstract/Abstract/?abstractid=1572&utm_source=conference+news-english&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-08-02>


Exploring social determinants of health for young people
[image: School children in Uganda. Photo by The Commonwealth. Creative
Commons licence. Image is for illustrative purposes only.]
School children in Uganda. Photo by The Commonwealth. Creative Commons
licence. Image is for illustrative purposes only.

Biomedical approaches to supporting children and adolescents who are living
with or at risk of acquiring HIV must be accompanied by an understanding of
the social, political and economic context they are living in, according to
a leading researcher
<https://www.aidsmap.com/news/aug-2022/flourishing-social-determinant-health-children-and-young-people?utm_source=conference+news-english&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-08-02>
.

Dr Carmen Logie presented an overview of the social determinants of health
and HIV in young people at the 14th International Workshop on HIV &
Pediatrics, held in Montreal ahead of AIDS 2022. She drew on her own
research with refugee and displaced adolescents in Uganda, Northern and
Indigenous young people in northern Canada, and LGBTQ young people living
with HIV in Jamaica.

Logie highlighted five key social drivers of HIV that shape engagement with
both HIV prevention and care: ecosyndemics (interactions between
biological, social, psychological and ecological health challenges);
intersecting stigma (such as gender, sexuality, race and class); concurrent
resource scarcity (for example food and water insecurity); cumulative and
chronic violence; and constrained rights and agency.

Taking a broader view of what defines good health, Logie suggested that
social determinants of health and wellbeing for young people should
include: flourishing – living a fulfilled and happy life; social and
community connectedness and solidarity; multilevel resilience beyond the
individual; sexual wellbeing; and sexual pleasure and sex positivity.

   - *Read this news story in full on aidsmap.com*
   <https://www.aidsmap.com/news/aug-2022/flourishing-social-determinant-health-children-and-young-people?utm_source=conference+news-english&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-08-02>



Smart new single-cell assay shines a light on the HIV reservoir
[image: Dr Eli Boritz at AIDS 2022. Photo ©Steve Forrest/Workers’
Photos/IAS.]
Dr Eli Boritz at AIDS 2022. Photo ©Steve Forrest/Workers’ Photos/IAS.

For the first time, scientists have developed a sensitive gene assay that
can specifically find the tiny subset of ‘reservoir’ cells that harbour
silent HIV infection by using nanotechnology to detect their distinct
genetic signature
<https://www.aidsmap.com/news/jul-2022/smart-new-single-cell-assay-shines-light-hiv-reservoir?utm_source=conference+news-english&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-08-02>
.

Dr Eli Boritz told AIDS 2022 that what makes HIV infection lifelong is that
the virus hides where it can’t be seen by the immune system – by inserting
its genes into our own DNA inside a small minority of the cells that make
up our immune system.

A key component of most HIV cure strategies involves finding these
reservoir cells. Researchers have now developed a method of inducing
reservoir cells to reveal their genetic signatures.

The assay involves several steps, each involving transporting and sorting
individual cells through tiny channels, considerably thinner than a hair.
Cells are separated using the characteristics on their surfaces and then
stimulated to produce lengths of RNA. Researchers found particular
combinations of genes connected with cellular HIV infection.

This means we finally have a way of inducing HIV reservoir cells to reveal
their characteristic genetic signatures. As cure expert Professor Sharon
Lewin told a press conference, finding a biomarker for the reservoir is
“the holy grail”. The new FIND-Seq assay may eventually enable us to target
HIV cure and immunomodulatory therapies much better.

   - *Read this news story in full on aidsmap.com*
   <https://www.aidsmap.com/news/jul-2022/smart-new-single-cell-assay-shines-light-hiv-reservoir?utm_source=conference+news-english&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-08-02>



Video: Antibiotics to prevent STIs [image: Antibiotics to prevent STIs]

At AIDS 2022, NAM aidsmap writer Liz Highleyman spoke with Professor Annie
Luetkemeyer and Professor Connie Celum about taking antibiotics
(doxycycline) to prevent STIs.

   - *Watch the video on YouTube
   <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3RDlaPnXwPY&utm_source=conference+news-english&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-08-02>*
   - *Read our news story Taking antibiotic after sex cuts STIs by
   two-thirds, ‘DoxyPEP’ study finds on aidsmap.com
   <https://www.aidsmap.com/news/jul-2022/taking-antibiotic-after-sex-cuts-stis-two-thirds-doxypep-study-finds?utm_source=conference+news-english&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-08-02>*



Scientific analysis from Clinical Care Options [image: Clinical Care
Options]

Engage in the scientific analysis of data presented at AIDS 2022 with rapid
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webinars, slides and ClinicalThought commentaries provided by Clinical Care
Options.

*Key HIV Studies Influencing My Practice Following AIDS 2022*

On 3 and 4 August, join Dr David A. Wohl or Professor Chloe Orkin in a
live, interactive webinar as they provide a rapid update of HIV treatment
and prevention data from AIDS 2022 and answer your questions.

   - *Visit the Clinical Care Options website
   <https://www.clinicaloptions.com/hiv/conference-coverage/2022/aids2022?utm_source=conference+news-english&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2022-08-02>*
   - *Register for the webinars
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